Many English learner are always cinfusing with the words bored and boring, so now go on the difference between Bored and boring.
bored vs boring
bored is an adjective that describes when someone feels tired and unhappy because something is not interesting or because they have nothing to do.
For example: She was so bored that she fell asleep.
boring is an adjective that means something isn't exciting or interesting .
For example: The lesson was so boring that she fell asleep.
Note : Most verbs which express emotions, such as to bore, may use either the present or the past participle as an adjective, but the meaning of the participle is often different.
You might be able to give more example by comment below.
If you make a sale (saler) words is a lethal weapon to lure customers to buy your goods. So if you're working as a seller, do not say these 4 phrase want customers to come to you.
if you sell something and they are telling customers that have used the product, you make customers trust your products would be like. So if you are selling a product or service, whatever is to be aware of the products that are use it also to be more obvious.
2) This is the company's policy
This is the company's policy is probably what you should not talk to your customers.The customer is clear that regardless of the company's policy, but they care services company you offer. If you sometimes find it difficult to deal with because customers want too much, not cancel the event, that is, to think about solutions not only focus on the issue.
3) It's not my affair
You must know how to take responsibility for whatever actions they have done to life personal or work. Do not blame anyone or anything other factors to escape responsibility. So if customers ask or want to know something related to issues involving the company / products / services say so, but you must remember another phrase instead of a phrase like this: Sorry, I know better! Or I'll give you this responsibility to contact me immediately ...!.
4) I rest today
This phrase is not too bad, but if your clients ask you about something who wants to know immediately, you should not say that, I relaxed today. This is when a client runs, then the opportunity to pull him to buy his goods or services you have.
The short, simple conjunctions are called "coordinating conjunctions": and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure:
Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square brackets [ ]: I like [tea] and [coffee]. [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join. When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before the conjunction: I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university. However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential: She is kind so she helps people.
When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional: He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum. He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only two or three letters. There's an easy way to remember them - their initials spell: FANBOYS|
A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.
Here are some example conjunctions:
Examples
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
although, because, since, unless
We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.
Form
Conjunctions have three basic forms:
Single Word
for example: and, but, because, although
Compound (often ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
for example: so...that
Function
Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example: - Jack and Jill went up the hill. - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example: - I went swimming although it was cold.
Position
Coordinating conjunctions
always come between the words or clauses that they join.
The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).
It has two uses.
First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
She would pass the exam if she ever studied .(She never studies, so this won't happen)
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:
If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
How is this different from the first conditional?
This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.
For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)
But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that'll have enough money to buy some shoes)
The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
If it rains , I won't go to the park.
If I study today, I 'll go to the party tonight.
If I have enough money, I 'll buy some new shoes.
She 'll be late if the train is delayed.
She 'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
If I see her, I 'll tell her.
First vs. Zero Conditional:
The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general .
For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)
But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)
First vs. Second Conditional:
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective; it depends on my point of view.
For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass)
But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):
If + present simple, .... present simple.
This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main cluase.
The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.
For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils . (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
What are conditionals in English grammar? Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.
There are four kinds:
The Zero Conditional: (if + present simple, ... present simple) If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
The First Conditional: (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.
The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
Adjectives describe or give information about nouns or pronouns.
For example:-
The grey dog barked. (The adjective grey describes the noun "dog".
The good news is that the form of an adjective does not change. It does not matter if the noun being modified is male or female, singular or plural, subject or object.
Some adjectives give us factual information about the noun - age, size colour etc (fact adjectives - can't be argued with). Some adjectives show what somebody thinks about something or somebody - nice, horrid, beautiful etc (opinion adjectives - not everyone may agree).
If you are asked questions with which, whose, what kind, or how many, you need an adjective to be able to answer.
There are different types of adjectives in the English language:
1) Numeric: six, one hundred and one 2)Quantitative: more, all, some, half, more than enough 3)Qualitative: colour, size, smell etc. 4)Possessive: my, his, their, your 5)Interrogative: which, whose, what 6)Demonstrative: this, that, those, these
Appositivesinvolve renaming or giving more information about the subject or object, within parentheses or commas.Appositivesshould come immediately after the nouns they rename.
Nouns name people, places, and things. Every noun can further be classified as common or proper. A proper noun has two distinctive features:
1) it will name a specific [usually a one-of-a-kind] item, and
2) it will begin with a capital letter no matter where it occurs in a sentence.
Check out the chart below:
Common Noun
writer,
teacher
beagle
cookie
city
restaurant
document
school.
Proper Noun
Herman Melville,
Mrs. Hacket,
Snoopy,
Oreo,
OrlandoOrlando,
Tito's Taco Palace,
Declaration of Independence,
University of Southern California,
Read the following sentences. Notice the difference between the common and proper nouns.
Tina offered Antonio one of her mother's homemade oatmeal cookies but only an Oreo would satisfy his sweet tooth.
Cookies = common noun; Oreo = proper noun.
Charlie had wanted an easy teacher for his composition class, but he got Mrs. Hacket, whose short temper and unreasonable demands made the semester a torture.
Teacher = common noun; Mrs. Hacket = proper noun.
Gloria wanted to try a new restaurant, so Richard took her to Tito's Taco Palace, where no one dips into the hot sauce until the drinks have arrived at the table.
Restaurant = common noun; Tito's Taco Palace = proper noun.
Definition: A noun phrase is a phrase whose headword is a noun or a pronoun accompanied by modifiers. In the respect, there are two types of modifiers Pre modifiers and Post modifiers.
1.Pre modifiers are adjective and/ or articles.
2.Post modifiers are generally adjective phrase and/ or adjective clauses.
Possible noun modifiers
A noun phrase may optionally contain noun modifiers. If these modifiers are placed before the noun they are called pre-modifiers. However, if they are placed after the noun, they are called post-modifiers. Possible noun modifiers include the following:
In English, determiners are usually placed before the noun;
2. Adjectives (the delicious food)
3. Complements, in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as: the student of physics), or a That-clause (the idea that the world is a small village)
Functions of a noun phrase
Noun phrases can function as subjects, objects:
Example:
1.That sophisticated woman is beautiful. (That sophisticated woman is a noun phrase that functions as a subject.)
2.I like the book that you bought. (The book that you bought is a noun phrase that functions as an object).
Form Of Noun Phrase
•Pre modifier+ Noun
•Pre modifier + Noun + Post modifier
1.Pro modifier +Noun
Pro modifier +Noun is referred to as an article and/ or adjective, and a noun is called ‘Headword’
Example:
-I’d like to buy a car.
-He’s an architect.
-The price is reasonable.
2.PRE MODIFIER + NOUN + POST MODIFIER
Post modifier is referred to an adjective phrase and/ or adjective clause, and again a noun is called ‘Headword’ Example:
-The student who study abroad have better opportunities.
-These residents use the water from the stream.
-The news which I have just received is very shocking.
POSITION OF NOUN PHRASE
The position of the noun phrase are not different from those of noun or noun clause.
Generally, there are seven positions.
Position of Noun phrase:
1.Subject of a Verb
2.Direct object of a Verb
3.Indirect object of a Verb
4.After (also object of a Preposition )
5.Possessive case
6.Subject Complement
7.Phrase in apposition
1-SUBJECT OF VERB
Form: Noun phrase + Verb + (Object)
Example:
-The three outstanding students will be awarded tomorrow.
-The dog in the garden are chasing the sparrows.
-Some staff didn’t receive the notification yesterday.
2-DIRECT OBJECT OF A VERB
Form: SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN PHRASE
Example:
-I bought a leather belt yesterday.
-Our center will recruit ten more staff.
-We hate a long journey.
3-INDIRECT OBJECT OF A VERB
Form: SUBJECT + VERB +DIRECT OBJECT + NOUN PHRASE
Here are the common verbs which usually take two object –indirect object (person) and direct object (here, noun phrase).
-Please bring me some cold water.
-My dad will buy me an expensive car.
-I’ll send Cheata this love letter.
4-AFTER A PRPOSITION
Form: PREPOSITION + NOUN PHRASE
Example:
-I’m very worried about our next trip.
-Are you bored with his long speech?
-He was apprehended on suspicion of attempted murder.
5-POSSESSIVE CASE (‘s)
Form: NOUN PHRASE + ‘S + NOUN
Example:
-My math teacher’s wife had an accident this morning.
-We need the suspect’s profile.
-The six immigrants’ country is Vietnam.
-Let’s contact these injured passengers’ relatives.
6-SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
Form: TO BE / BECOME + NOUN PHRASE
Noun phrase are placed after ‘To be’ or ‘Become’
Example:
-She is a chemistry teacher.
-He has become a famous singer since he was 10.
-How long have you been a staff here?
7-PHRASE IN APPOSITION
Form: NOUN + NOUN PHRASE
If two noun groups referring to the same person or thing are in apposition, one is placed immediately after the other with no conjunction joining them.
Generally, only two commas are needed. We use them to add more information into sentences and give more information about someone or something that have already been named or mentioned about.
Example:
-Mrs. Ney Mey, our school principle, has been demoted.
-I walk Dalis, my little puppy to the beach every evening.
-Dalis, the most generous lady, is the founder of this center.
Useful tip
To infinitive and gerund phrase can also function as the noun phrase. They have the same positions as that of the noun phrase.
-To drive at night is very hazardous. (Used as a noun phrase/subject of verb)
-I don’t want to drive at night. (used as a noun phrase/ object of verb)
-Driving at night is very hazardous. (used as a NP/ subject of verb)
-I hate driving at night. ( used as a noun phrase/ object of a verb)
Communication is the heart and soul of the human experience. The process communication mainly includes speaking , listening, and writing. Nobody actually learns grammar to learn his/ her own mother tongue. It is a natural phenomenon that we start speaking what everybody speaks around us. We gradually develop a better sense of understanding with the passage of time.
We don't study grammar of our own mother tongue to use it for daily speaking, but when we need to polish our own mother tongue, we have to study its grammar and we usually do that. When we come to learning a new language like English language, we need to study its grammar, the importance of grammar cannot be neglected and before we do that we need to understand what grammar is.
Grammar is the study of words and the ways words work together. An invisible force that guides us as we put words together into sentences. Any person who communicates using a particular language is consciously or unconsciously aware of the grammar of that language.
To speak in a clearer and more effective manner we study grammar. A person who has unconscious knowledge of grammar may be sufficient for simple language use, but the ones who wish to communicate in an artful manner and well, will seek greater depth of understanding and proficiency that the study of grammar provides
A. If a preposition (in/for/about etc.) is followed by a verb, the verb ends in ~ing. For example:
Are you interested in working for us?
I'm not very good at learning languages.
She must be fed up with studying.
What are the advantages of having a car?
This knife is only for cutting bread.
How about playing tennis tomorrow?
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.
Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.
You can also say 'interested in somebody (do)ing .....', fed up with you (do)ing...' etc.:
* I'm fed up with you telling me what to do.
B. Note the use of the following prepositions + ~ing:
before ~ing and after ~ing:
* Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (not 'Before to go out')
* What did you do after leaving school?
You can also say 'Before I went out ...' and '... after you left school'.
by ~ing (to say bow something happens):
* The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
* You can improve your English by reading more.
* She made herself ill by not eating properly.
without ~ing:
* I ran ten kilometer without stopping.
* They climbed through the window without anybody seeing them. (or ... without being seen.)
* She needs to work without people disturbing her. (or ... without being disturbed.)
* It's nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money.
C. To ~ing
To is often part of the infinitive (to do/to see etc.):
* We decided to go out.
* Would you like to play tennis?
But to is also a preposition (like in/for/about/from etc.). For example:
* We drove from London to Edinburgh.
* I prefer tea to coffee.
* Are you looking forward to the weekend?
If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in ~ing; (in doing/about going etc.- see Section A). So, when to is a preposition and it is followed by a verb, you must say to ~ing:
* I prefer driving to travelling by train. (not 'to travel')
* Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again? (not 'looking forward to see')
For be/get used to ~ing,
