We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):
If + present simple, .... present simple.
This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main cluase.
The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.
For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils . (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
What are conditionals in English grammar? Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.
There are four kinds:
The Zero Conditional: (if + present simple, ... present simple) If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
The First Conditional: (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.
The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
Adjectives describe or give information about nouns or pronouns.
For example:-
The grey dog barked. (The adjective grey describes the noun "dog".
The good news is that the form of an adjective does not change. It does not matter if the noun being modified is male or female, singular or plural, subject or object.
Some adjectives give us factual information about the noun - age, size colour etc (fact adjectives - can't be argued with). Some adjectives show what somebody thinks about something or somebody - nice, horrid, beautiful etc (opinion adjectives - not everyone may agree).
If you are asked questions with which, whose, what kind, or how many, you need an adjective to be able to answer.
There are different types of adjectives in the English language:
1) Numeric: six, one hundred and one 2)Quantitative: more, all, some, half, more than enough 3)Qualitative: colour, size, smell etc. 4)Possessive: my, his, their, your 5)Interrogative: which, whose, what 6)Demonstrative: this, that, those, these
Appositivesinvolve renaming or giving more information about the subject or object, within parentheses or commas.Appositivesshould come immediately after the nouns they rename.
Nouns name people, places, and things. Every noun can further be classified as common or proper. A proper noun has two distinctive features:
1) it will name a specific [usually a one-of-a-kind] item, and
2) it will begin with a capital letter no matter where it occurs in a sentence.
Check out the chart below:
Common Noun
writer,
teacher
beagle
cookie
city
restaurant
document
school.
Proper Noun
Herman Melville,
Mrs. Hacket,
Snoopy,
Oreo,
OrlandoOrlando,
Tito's Taco Palace,
Declaration of Independence,
University of Southern California,
Read the following sentences. Notice the difference between the common and proper nouns.
Tina offered Antonio one of her mother's homemade oatmeal cookies but only an Oreo would satisfy his sweet tooth.
Cookies = common noun; Oreo = proper noun.
Charlie had wanted an easy teacher for his composition class, but he got Mrs. Hacket, whose short temper and unreasonable demands made the semester a torture.
Teacher = common noun; Mrs. Hacket = proper noun.
Gloria wanted to try a new restaurant, so Richard took her to Tito's Taco Palace, where no one dips into the hot sauce until the drinks have arrived at the table.
Restaurant = common noun; Tito's Taco Palace = proper noun.
Definition: A noun phrase is a phrase whose headword is a noun or a pronoun accompanied by modifiers. In the respect, there are two types of modifiers Pre modifiers and Post modifiers.
1.Pre modifiers are adjective and/ or articles.
2.Post modifiers are generally adjective phrase and/ or adjective clauses.
Possible noun modifiers
A noun phrase may optionally contain noun modifiers. If these modifiers are placed before the noun they are called pre-modifiers. However, if they are placed after the noun, they are called post-modifiers. Possible noun modifiers include the following:
In English, determiners are usually placed before the noun;
2. Adjectives (the delicious food)
3. Complements, in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as: the student of physics), or a That-clause (the idea that the world is a small village)
Functions of a noun phrase
Noun phrases can function as subjects, objects:
Example:
1.That sophisticated woman is beautiful. (That sophisticated woman is a noun phrase that functions as a subject.)
2.I like the book that you bought. (The book that you bought is a noun phrase that functions as an object).
Form Of Noun Phrase
•Pre modifier+ Noun
•Pre modifier + Noun + Post modifier
1.Pro modifier +Noun
Pro modifier +Noun is referred to as an article and/ or adjective, and a noun is called ‘Headword’
Example:
-I’d like to buy a car.
-He’s an architect.
-The price is reasonable.
2.PRE MODIFIER + NOUN + POST MODIFIER
Post modifier is referred to an adjective phrase and/ or adjective clause, and again a noun is called ‘Headword’ Example:
-The student who study abroad have better opportunities.
-These residents use the water from the stream.
-The news which I have just received is very shocking.
POSITION OF NOUN PHRASE
The position of the noun phrase are not different from those of noun or noun clause.
Generally, there are seven positions.
Position of Noun phrase:
1.Subject of a Verb
2.Direct object of a Verb
3.Indirect object of a Verb
4.After (also object of a Preposition )
5.Possessive case
6.Subject Complement
7.Phrase in apposition
1-SUBJECT OF VERB
Form: Noun phrase + Verb + (Object)
Example:
-The three outstanding students will be awarded tomorrow.
-The dog in the garden are chasing the sparrows.
-Some staff didn’t receive the notification yesterday.
2-DIRECT OBJECT OF A VERB
Form: SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN PHRASE
Example:
-I bought a leather belt yesterday.
-Our center will recruit ten more staff.
-We hate a long journey.
3-INDIRECT OBJECT OF A VERB
Form: SUBJECT + VERB +DIRECT OBJECT + NOUN PHRASE
Here are the common verbs which usually take two object –indirect object (person) and direct object (here, noun phrase).
-Please bring me some cold water.
-My dad will buy me an expensive car.
-I’ll send Cheata this love letter.
4-AFTER A PRPOSITION
Form: PREPOSITION + NOUN PHRASE
Example:
-I’m very worried about our next trip.
-Are you bored with his long speech?
-He was apprehended on suspicion of attempted murder.
5-POSSESSIVE CASE (‘s)
Form: NOUN PHRASE + ‘S + NOUN
Example:
-My math teacher’s wife had an accident this morning.
-We need the suspect’s profile.
-The six immigrants’ country is Vietnam.
-Let’s contact these injured passengers’ relatives.
6-SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
Form: TO BE / BECOME + NOUN PHRASE
Noun phrase are placed after ‘To be’ or ‘Become’
Example:
-She is a chemistry teacher.
-He has become a famous singer since he was 10.
-How long have you been a staff here?
7-PHRASE IN APPOSITION
Form: NOUN + NOUN PHRASE
If two noun groups referring to the same person or thing are in apposition, one is placed immediately after the other with no conjunction joining them.
Generally, only two commas are needed. We use them to add more information into sentences and give more information about someone or something that have already been named or mentioned about.
Example:
-Mrs. Ney Mey, our school principle, has been demoted.
-I walk Dalis, my little puppy to the beach every evening.
-Dalis, the most generous lady, is the founder of this center.
Useful tip
To infinitive and gerund phrase can also function as the noun phrase. They have the same positions as that of the noun phrase.
-To drive at night is very hazardous. (Used as a noun phrase/subject of verb)
-I don’t want to drive at night. (used as a noun phrase/ object of verb)
-Driving at night is very hazardous. (used as a NP/ subject of verb)
-I hate driving at night. ( used as a noun phrase/ object of a verb)
